Spain
Climate change and market dynamics increase opportunities for tropical fruit production in Europe
Europe is unlikely to replace tropical fruit imports, but some regions could build local supply of premium avocados and mangoes as the climate changes.
The great electrification
The great electrification is reshaping the energy system of the EU at unprecedented speed.
Exclusive Water scarcity: How stronger governance could reshape crop competitiveness in the EU
About one-fifth of EU crop value depends on irrigated production in water-scarce regions, creating exposure to risks related to tighter (irrigation) water governance.
Battery Energy Storage Systems in Europe
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are expected to play an instrumental role in integrating the increasing share of intermittent renewable energy sources.
Spain’s renewable hydrogen bet: A test for the EU’s hydrogen ambitions
Spain is betting big on renewable hydrogen, leveraging Europe’s lowest‑cost renewable electricity to position itself as a production and export hub.
Iran war causes heterogenous shocks across member states
The Iran war delivers a stagflationary shock. Italy and Germany are most exposed, while Spain is more resilient; energy mix, fiscal support and buffers explain this.