Part 2 – PFAS in action: Food packaging, food systems, and the uses of fluoropolymers

PFAS are used to give products certain characteristics, including resistance to heat, grease, and water; lubricating properties; and reduced stickiness. These characteristics are interesting for producers across industries, including those in packaging, food production, and the energy transition.

In food packaging, PFAS are used mostly in paper- and fiber-based packaging, particularly for takeout, to enhance barrier properties. PFAS in food packaging represent a source of exposure to human beings, and they are especially concerning in packaging that is branded as compostable or biodegradable because it risks further leakage into the environment. Paper- and fiber-based packaging use has been increasing thanks to efforts to reduce single-use plastics and to ban certain types of packaging. When switching from one type of packaging to another, it is important to identify all the implications to avoid regrettable substitutions.

In food systems, PFAS can be used intentionally, as is the case in some nonstick coatings used in food-processing equipment or lubricants used for machinery, but they can also be unintentionally introduced to the system through the use of polluted water, soil, or other inputs. Because food and water are the main sources of exposure for humans and other living beings, monitoring and controlling PFAS across food production is essential to reduce the risks.

Fluoropolymers, fluorocarbon-based plastics with carbon-fluorine bonds in their structure, are a type of PFAS. They are used across many industries and are commonly used to enhance the performance and reduce the maintenance costs of equipment used for the energy transition, such as solar panels and windmills. Fluoropolymers are less reactive than other types of PFAS, and their larger size makes them more difficult to absorb. Nevertheless, there are concerns about leakages from the use of other PFAS for fluoropolymer production and during their use, and degradation after their disposal. Research about this type of PFAS is necessary to ensure safe use and management through their value chain, and if available, less-damaging alternatives should be used.

Breaking down PFAS

This report is part 2 in a three-part series on PFAS. Visit the complete series here: Breaking down PFAS